For research use only.
NAD+
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a natural coenzyme, a dinucleotide your cells use to move electrons and to power enzymes that repair DNA and help regulate aging pathways.[1] It is not a peptide (not a chain of amino acids), and Neo Peptide Labs still includes it in the library because it sits at the center of the same energy and aging questions as the mitochondrial peptides around it.[1]
Research areas
Much of the human research uses NAD+ precursors such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) or nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), or short NAD+ infusions, rather than giving NAD+ itself as a peptide-style research vial.[2][3][4]
- Tissue NAD+ tends to fall with age in human samples, alongside rises in markers of DNA damage[5]
- Oral NR raised blood NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults in a controlled trial[2]
- Oral NMN raised blood NAD+ and was studied for physical performance in healthy middle-aged adults[3]
- Oral NMN improved muscle insulin sensitivity in women with prediabetes who were overweight or obese[6]
- A small pilot tracked how an intravenous NAD+ infusion changed NAD+ metabolites in plasma and urine[4]
Evidence level
Level 3 of 4: Small human trialsControlled studies of NAD+ precursors (NR and NMN) and a small intravenous NAD+ pilot have been run in modest numbers of people.[2][3][4][6]
Why so few human trials?Cautions
Studies and regulators point to several reasons for care.
- Much of the clinical work tests precursors (NR or NMN), so findings do not automatically transfer to every NAD+ research form[1][2][3]
- Long-term safety of raising NAD+ for general use is still being mapped in larger trials[1]
- NAD+ itself is not an FDA-approved drug for aging, energy, or metabolic disease[1]
NAD+ goes by several names.
Good to know
NAD+ is built from two nucleotide halves (one with nicotinamide, one with adenine), which is why chemists call it a dinucleotide, not a peptide.[1]
Storage basics General
These general basics apply to most freeze-dried research materials in this library.
Sources and studies
These studies and official pages are the research behind this profile.
- 1NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageingCovarrubias AJ, et al. (2021) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
- 2Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adultsMartens CR, et al. (2018) · Nature Communications
- 3The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trialYi L, et al. (2023) · GeroScience
- 4A pilot study investigating changes in the human plasma and urine NAD+ metabolome during a 6 hour intravenous infusion of NADGrant R, et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
- 5Age-associated changes in oxidative stress and NAD+ metabolism in human tissueMassudi H, et al. (2012) · PLoS One
- 6Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic womenYoshino M, et al. (2021) · Science
- 7First-in-class cardiolipin-protective compound as a therapeutic agent to restore mitochondrial bioenergeticsSzeto HH (2014) · British Journal of Pharmacology
- 8The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistanceLee C, et al. (2015) · Cell Metabolism