For research use only.
BPC-157
BPC-157 is a short, lab-made peptide (15 amino acids) first found in human stomach juice.[1]
Research areas
Almost all of the research is in animals and centers on three areas.
Evidence level
Level 2 of 4: Early human reportsA 2025 systematic review found 35 animal studies and only 1 human study, a small look-back report in which 7 of 12 people with knee pain reported relief.[4]
Why so few human trials?Cautions
Studies and regulators point to several reasons for care.
- The 2025 review found no clinical safety data in humans and warned of risks from unregulated manufacturing and contamination[4]
- In rats and dogs, injected BPC-157 broke down quickly, with a half-life under 30 minutes[1]
- FDA cites possible immune reactions, peptide impurities, and too little safety information to know whether it would harm people[6]
- A toxicology column in Emergency Medicine News raises concern that, because it boosts blood vessel growth, it could speed the growth of hidden tumors[7]
- The World Anti-Doping Agency bans it in tested sports at all times[8]
BPC-157 is not FDA approved.[4] In July 2026, an FDA advisory committee reviewed whether pharmacies should be allowed to compound it, and FDA’s own staff review proposed that it not be added.[9]
BPC-157 goes by several names.
Often paired with
TB-500. Together they’re known as the Wolverine blend, also nicknamed the Wolverine stack.[7]
Storage basics General
These general basics apply to most freeze-dried research peptides.
Sources and studies
These studies and official pages are the research behind this profile.
- 1Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogsHe L, et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology
- 2The significance of the gastroprotective effect of body protection compound (BPC): modulation by different proceduresSikiric P, et al. (1992) · Acta Physiologica Hungarica
- 3A new gastric juice peptide, BPC. An overview of the stomach-stress-organoprotection hypothesis and beneficial effects of BPCSikiric P, et al. (1993) · Journal of Physiology, Paris
- 4Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic ReviewVasireddi N, et al. (2025) · HSS Journal
- 5New studies with stable gastric pentadecapeptide protecting gastrointestinal tract. significance of counteraction of vascular and multiorgan failure of occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome in cytoprotection/organoprotectionSikiric P, et al. (2024) · Inflammopharmacology
- 6Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding that May Present Significant Safety RisksU.S. Food and Drug Administration (2026)
- 7Will the FDA Allow Compounding Pharmacies to Produce the "Wolverine Stack" and Other Peptides?Gussow L (2026) · Emergency Medicine News
- 8The Prohibited ListWorld Anti-Doping Agency (2026)
- 9July 23-24, 2026, Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee: FDA Briefing Document IntroductionU.S. Food and Drug Administration (2026)
- 10Gastroduodenal mucus bicarbonate barrier: protection against acid and pepsinAllen A, Flemström G (2005) · American Journal of Physiology: Cell Physiology